📝§ Protobuf

proto2 vs proto3

• avoid using required fields

• in proto3, it is impossible to distinguish absent fields from default values

for oneof fields, it is impossible to know if field is missing or unrecognized

no inheritance support

calculating field size

• negative values for int32 and int64 are always 10-bytes long

  • avoid int32/int64—use explicitly signed sint32/sint64

• field numbers 1–15 take 1 byte to encode

  • wrapping fields into embedded messages might decrease their size

updating message types