๐Language runtime
Characteristics:
- memory management (garbage collection/manual)
- memory safety (dereferencing null, race conditions)
- concurrency and parallelism
- static/dynamic field access (whether it can be compiled effectively or requires hash lookup)
- reflection / metaprogramming
- environment (browser/macOS/Windows/Android)
- type system (runtime type checking)
- interoperability with other languages/runtimes
See also
- Runtime is what makes languages unique
- Languages become popular when they bring innovative runtime
- Value representationโhow values are represented in language runtime